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write-exif.c
/* * write-exif.c * * Placed into the public domain by Daniel Fandrich * * Create a new EXIF data block and write it into a JPEG image file. * * The JPEG image data used in this example is fixed and is guaranteed not * to contain an EXIF tag block already, so it is easy to precompute where * in the file the EXIF data should be. In real life, a library like * libjpeg (included with the exif command-line tool source code) would * be used to write to an existing JPEG file. */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <assert.h> #include <libexif/exif-data.h> /* this file will be unilaterally overwritten */ #define FILE_NAME "write-exif.jpg" /* raw JPEG image data */ static const unsigned char image_jpg[] = { 0xff, 0xd8, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x10, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x49, 0x46, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x48, 0x00, 0x48, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xdb, 0x00, 0x43, 0x00, 0x14, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x12, 0x0f, 0x0d, 0x14, 0x12, 0x10, 0x12, 0x17, 0x15, 0x14, 0x18, 0x1e, 0x32, 0x21, 0x1e, 0x1c, 0x1c, 0x1e, 0x3d, 0x2c, 0x2e, 0x24, 0x32, 0x49, 0x40, 0x4c, 0x4b, 0x47, 0x40, 0x46, 0x45, 0x50, 0x5a, 0x73, 0x62, 0x50, 0x55, 0x6d, 0x56, 0x45, 0x46, 0x64, 0x88, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x77, 0x7b, 0x81, 0x82, 0x81, 0x4e, 0x60, 0x8d, 0x97, 0x8c, 0x7d, 0x96, 0x73, 0x7e, 0x81, 0x7c, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x0b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x40, 0x01, 0x01, 0x11, 0x00, 0xff, 0xc4, 0x00, 0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x06, 0x04, 0x03, 0x07, 0x02, 0x01, 0xff, 0xc4, 0x00, 0x2f, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x02, 0x05, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x11, 0x00, 0x04, 0x05, 0x21, 0x31, 0x06, 0x12, 0x41, 0x51, 0x81, 0x61, 0x71, 0x91, 0x13, 0x32, 0xa1, 0x14, 0x22, 0xc1, 0x15, 0x23, 0x52, 0xd1, 0xf0, 0xff, 0xda, 0x00, 0x08, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0x00, 0xb3, 0xa2, 0x8a, 0x28, 0xa2, 0x8a, 0x28, 0xa2, 0x97, 0x64, 0x72, 0xd6, 0x58, 0xd4, 0x8f, 0xd5, 0x3d, 0xca, 0xa5, 0x7d, 0xa8, 0x4e, 0xaa, 0x3e, 0xb0, 0x3a, 0x7a, 0x9d, 0x2b, 0x2d, 0x87, 0x13, 0xe3, 0xaf, 0x9f, 0x0c, 0xb6, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xe2, 0xb4, 0x48, 0x71, 0x30, 0x14, 0x7b, 0x02, 0x09, 0x14, 0xee, 0x94, 0x64, 0x38, 0x87, 0x1f, 0x8d, 0x5f, 0xd3, 0x7d, 0xe2, 0xa7, 0x46, 0xe8, 0x6c, 0x49, 0x1e, 0xfd, 0x07, 0xb1, 0x33, 0x5f, 0xb8, 0xdc, 0xf5, 0x96, 0x51, 0x7c, 0x96, 0xee, 0x14, 0xba, 0x04, 0xf2, 0x2c, 0x42, 0xa3, 0xd3, 0x70, 0x7c, 0x1a, 0x6d, 0x45, 0x2c, 0xcd, 0xe5, 0x11, 0x89, 0xb1, 0x5b, 0xc4, 0x02, 0xe1, 0xd1, 0xb4, 0xcf, 0xdc, 0xa3, 0xfc, 0x0d, 0xcd, 0x41, 0xde, 0xe3, 0xb2, 0x2e, 0xda, 0x1c, 0xbd, 0xe2, 0x4a, 0x90, 0xe9, 0x04, 0x95, 0x2b, 0xf7, 0x41, 0xd0, 0x18, 0xe8, 0x36, 0x03, 0xc6, 0x91, 0x4a, 0x81, 0x20, 0x82, 0x24, 0x10, 0x66, 0x45, 0x5a, 0xdd, 0xf1, 0x32, 0xff, 0x00, 0xa2, 0x5a, 0x8b, 0x62, 0x57, 0x7d, 0x70, 0x80, 0x93, 0x1a, 0x94, 0x10, 0x79, 0x4a, 0xa3, 0xb9, 0x20, 0xc0, 0xf3, 0xd3, 0x55, 0x59, 0x4e, 0x1c, 0x7a, 0xc7, 0x12, 0x9b, 0xc7, 0x94, 0xa7, 0x2e, 0x14, 0xa9, 0x74, 0x0d, 0x42, 0x01, 0x04, 0xc9, 0x3b, 0x93, 0x30, 0x09, 0xdb, 0x5f, 0x35, 0x9b, 0x85, 0xad, 0xde, 0x7f, 0x39, 0x6e, 0xa6, 0x82, 0xa1, 0xa5, 0x73, 0x2d, 0x40, 0x68, 0x13, 0x06, 0x67, 0xdf, 0x6f, 0x35, 0xe9, 0xb4, 0x52, 0x4c, 0xbe, 0x0c, 0x65, 0x72, 0x16, 0xcf, 0x3a, 0xff, 0x00, 0xf6, 0x5a, 0xd1, 0x4d, 0x11, 0xa1, 0x13, 0x26, 0x0f, 0x73, 0x00, 0x1f, 0x41, 0x5b, 0x72, 0xd6, 0xa2, 0xeb, 0x15, 0x73, 0x6e, 0x13, 0xf7, 0x36, 0x42, 0x40, 0xee, 0x04, 0x8f, 0xc8, 0x15, 0xe4, 0xf5, 0x59, 0xc1, 0x16, 0x0d, 0x3d, 0x70, 0xed, 0xdb, 0x84, 0x29, 0x6c, 0x40, 0x42, 0x3b, 0x13, 0x3f, 0xb8, 0xfc, 0x10, 0x3c, 0xd5, 0xc1, 0x00, 0x88, 0x22, 0x41, 0xef, 0x5f, 0x0d, 0xb4, 0x86, 0x81, 0x0d, 0xa1, 0x28, 0x07, 0x52, 0x12, 0x00, 0x06, 0xba, 0xd1, 0x45, 0x71, 0xb8, 0xb8, 0x6e, 0xd9, 0x85, 0xbc, 0xf2, 0xb9, 0x5b, 0x40, 0x25, 0x47, 0xb0, 0xaf, 0x24, 0x79, 0x48, 0x53, 0xce, 0x29, 0xb4, 0x94, 0xa0, 0xa8, 0x94, 0xa7, 0xb0, 0x27, 0x41, 0xf1, 0x54, 0x9c, 0x09, 0x71, 0xc9, 0x92, 0x7d, 0x82, 0x74, 0x75, 0xa9, 0x1e, 0xa5, 0x27, 0xfd, 0x13, 0x55, 0xd9, 0x3c, 0x83, 0x38, 0xbb, 0x45, 0x5c, 0xbf, 0x3c, 0xa1, 0x40, 0x40, 0x02, 0x54, 0x4f, 0x41, 0x3e, 0x4f, 0x83, 0x5a, 0x2d, 0xae, 0x1b, 0xba, 0xb7, 0x6d, 0xf6, 0x89, 0x28, 0x71, 0x21, 0x49, 0x24, 0x41, 0x83, 0xe9, 0x5d, 0xe9, 0x3f, 0x12, 0x64, 0x97, 0x8b, 0xc6, 0x17, 0x59, 0x03, 0xea, 0xa9, 0x61, 0x08, 0x24, 0x48, 0x04, 0xc9, 0x9f, 0x80, 0x6a, 0x4b, 0x17, 0xc4, 0xd7, 0xac, 0xdf, 0x36, 0xab, 0xbb, 0x85, 0x39, 0x6e, 0xb5, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x50, 0x06, 0x01, 0x3a, 0x91, 0x02, 0x44, 0x6f, 0x02, 0xb7, 0x65, 0xb2, 0x0e, 0x71, 0x25, 0xf3, 0x58, 0xdc, 0x72, 0x8f, 0xe9, 0xc1, 0xe6, 0x52, 0xe0, 0xc2, 0xa3, 0x72, 0x46, 0xe0, 0x0e, 0x83, 0xa9, 0xf1, 0x4b, 0x38, 0x9f, 0x16, 0xde, 0x2e, 0xfd, 0xa4, 0x32, 0x92, 0x1a, 0x5b, 0x40, 0x83, 0xdc, 0x8d, 0x0f, 0x9d, 0x01, 0x3e, 0xf5, 0x83, 0x17, 0x7a, 0xac, 0x76, 0x41, 0x9b, 0xa4, 0xa7, 0x9b, 0xe9, 0xab, 0x51, 0x31, 0x20, 0x82, 0x08, 0xf8, 0x34, 0xf9, 0xdb, 0x97, 0xb8, 0xb7, 0x2c, 0xcd, 0xba, 0x12, 0xa6, 0xec, 0xda, 0x3c, 0xca, 0x13, 0x24, 0x0e, 0xa4, 0x91, 0xa4, 0x9d, 0x87, 0x69, 0xf7, 0xab, 0x74, 0x21, 0x2d, 0xa1, 0x28, 0x4a, 0x42, 0x52, 0x90, 0x02, 0x40, 0xd8, 0x01, 0xb0, 0xae, 0x95, 0x87, 0x29, 0x8f, 0x6f, 0x27, 0x64, 0xe5, 0xb3, 0xc4, 0x80, 0xa8, 0x29, 0x50, 0xdd, 0x24, 0x6c, 0x47, 0xfd, 0xd4, 0xd4, 0x92, 0x78, 0x1e, 0xef, 0xeb, 0x42, 0xae, 0x98, 0x0d, 0x7f, 0x90, 0x0a, 0x27, 0xe2, 0x00, 0xfc, 0xd5, 0x4e, 0x27, 0x11, 0x6d, 0x89, 0x60, 0xb7, 0x6e, 0x92, 0x54, 0xa8, 0xe6, 0x71, 0x5b, 0xa8, 0xff, 0x00, 0x03, 0xd2, 0xbe, 0x73, 0x38, 0x86, 0x72, 0xf6, 0xc1, 0xb7, 0x4f, 0x2a, 0xd1, 0x25, 0x0e, 0x01, 0x25, 0x27, 0xae, 0x9d, 0x41, 0xed, 0xed, 0x52, 0xe8, 0xe0, 0x7b, 0xcf, 0xab, 0x0e, 0x5d, 0x30, 0x96, 0xe7, 0xee, 0x4f, 0x31, 0x57, 0xc1, 0x00, 0x7e, 0x6a, 0xaf, 0x15, 0x8b, 0x63, 0x17, 0x6e, 0x1a, 0x61, 0x24, 0x92, 0x65, 0x6b, 0x3b, 0xa8, 0xf7, 0x3e, 0x9d, 0x87, 0x4a, 0x63, 0x45, 0x14, 0x51, 0x45, 0x14, 0x51, 0x45, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xd9 }; /* length of data in image_jpg */ static const unsigned int image_jpg_len = sizeof(image_jpg); /* dimensions of image */ static const unsigned int image_jpg_x = 64; static const unsigned int image_jpg_y = 64; /* start of JPEG image data section */ static const unsigned int image_data_offset = 20; #define image_data_len (image_jpg_len - image_data_offset) /* raw EXIF header data */ static const unsigned char exif_header[] = { 0xff, 0xd8, 0xff, 0xe1 }; /* length of data in exif_header */ static const unsigned int exif_header_len = sizeof(exif_header); /* byte order to use in the EXIF block */ #define FILE_BYTE_ORDER EXIF_BYTE_ORDER_INTEL /* comment to write into the EXIF block */ #define FILE_COMMENT "libexif demonstration image" /* special header required for EXIF_TAG_USER_COMMENT */ #define ASCII_COMMENT "ASCII\0\0\0" /* Get an existing tag, or create one if it doesn't exist */ static ExifEntry *init_tag(ExifData *exif, ExifIfd ifd, ExifTag tag) { ExifEntry *entry; /* Return an existing tag if one exists */ if (!((entry = exif_content_get_entry (exif->ifd[ifd], tag)))) { /* Allocate a new entry */ entry = exif_entry_new (); assert(entry != NULL); /* catch an out of memory condition */ entry->tag = tag; /* tag must be set before calling exif_content_add_entry */ /* Attach the ExifEntry to an IFD */ exif_content_add_entry (exif->ifd[ifd], entry); /* Allocate memory for the entry and fill with default data */ exif_entry_initialize (entry, tag); /* Ownership of the ExifEntry has now been passed to the IFD. * One must be very careful in accessing a structure after * unref'ing it; in this case, we know "entry" won't be freed * because the reference count was bumped when it was added to * the IFD. */ exif_entry_unref(entry); } return entry; } /* Create a brand-new tag with a data field of the given length, in the * given IFD. This is needed when exif_entry_initialize() isn't able to create * this type of tag itself, or the default data length it creates isn't the * correct length. */ static ExifEntry *create_tag(ExifData *exif, ExifIfd ifd, ExifTag tag, size_t len) { void *buf; ExifEntry *entry; /* Create a memory allocator to manage this ExifEntry */ ExifMem *mem = exif_mem_new_default(); assert(mem != NULL); /* catch an out of memory condition */ /* Create a new ExifEntry using our allocator */ entry = exif_entry_new_mem (mem); assert(entry != NULL); /* Allocate memory to use for holding the tag data */ buf = exif_mem_alloc(mem, len); assert(buf != NULL); /* Fill in the entry */ entry->data = buf; entry->size = len; entry->tag = tag; entry->components = len; entry->format = EXIF_FORMAT_UNDEFINED; /* Attach the ExifEntry to an IFD */ exif_content_add_entry (exif->ifd[ifd], entry); /* The ExifMem and ExifEntry are now owned elsewhere */ exif_mem_unref(mem); exif_entry_unref(entry); return entry; } int main () { int rc = 1; FILE *f; unsigned char *exif_data; unsigned int exif_data_len; ExifEntry *entry; ExifData *exif = exif_data_new(); if (!exif) { fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n"); return 2; } /* Set the image options */ exif_data_set_option(exif, EXIF_DATA_OPTION_FOLLOW_SPECIFICATION); exif_data_set_data_type(exif, EXIF_DATA_TYPE_COMPRESSED); exif_data_set_byte_order(exif, FILE_BYTE_ORDER); /* Create the mandatory EXIF fields with default data */ exif_data_fix(exif); /* All these tags are created with default values by exif_data_fix() */ /* Change the data to the correct values for this image. */ entry = init_tag(exif, EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_PIXEL_X_DIMENSION); exif_set_long(entry->data, FILE_BYTE_ORDER, image_jpg_x); entry = init_tag(exif, EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_PIXEL_Y_DIMENSION); exif_set_long(entry->data, FILE_BYTE_ORDER, image_jpg_y); entry = init_tag(exif, EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_COLOR_SPACE); exif_set_short(entry->data, FILE_BYTE_ORDER, 1); /* Create a EXIF_TAG_USER_COMMENT tag. This one must be handled * differently because that tag isn't automatically created and * allocated by exif_data_fix(), nor can it be created using * exif_entry_initialize() so it must be explicitly allocated here. */ entry = create_tag(exif, EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_USER_COMMENT, sizeof(ASCII_COMMENT) + sizeof(FILE_COMMENT) - 2); /* Write the special header needed for a comment tag */ memcpy(entry->data, ASCII_COMMENT, sizeof(ASCII_COMMENT)-1); /* Write the actual comment text, without the trailing NUL character */ memcpy(entry->data+8, FILE_COMMENT, sizeof(FILE_COMMENT)-1); /* create_tag() happens to set the format and components correctly for * EXIF_TAG_USER_COMMENT, so there is nothing more to do. */ /* Create a EXIF_TAG_SUBJECT_AREA tag */ entry = create_tag(exif, EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_SUBJECT_AREA, 4 * exif_format_get_size(EXIF_FORMAT_SHORT)); entry->format = EXIF_FORMAT_SHORT; entry->components = 4; exif_set_short(entry->data, FILE_BYTE_ORDER, image_jpg_x / 2); exif_set_short(entry->data+2, FILE_BYTE_ORDER, image_jpg_y / 2); exif_set_short(entry->data+4, FILE_BYTE_ORDER, image_jpg_x); exif_set_short(entry->data+6, FILE_BYTE_ORDER, image_jpg_y); /* Get a pointer to the EXIF data block we just created */ exif_data_save_data(exif, &exif_data, &exif_data_len); assert(exif_data != NULL); f = fopen(FILE_NAME, "wb"); if (!f) { fprintf(stderr, "Error creating file %s\n", FILE_NAME); exif_data_unref(exif); return rc; } /* Write EXIF header */ if (fwrite(exif_header, exif_header_len, 1, f) != 1) { fprintf(stderr, "Error writing to file %s\n", FILE_NAME); goto errout; } /* Write EXIF block length in big-endian order */ if (fputc((exif_data_len+2) >> 8, f) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error writing to file %s\n", FILE_NAME); goto errout; } if (fputc((exif_data_len+2) & 0xff, f) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error writing to file %s\n", FILE_NAME); goto errout; } /* Write EXIF data block */ if (fwrite(exif_data, exif_data_len, 1, f) != 1) { fprintf(stderr, "Error writing to file %s\n", FILE_NAME); goto errout; } /* Write JPEG image data, skipping the non-EXIF header */ if (fwrite(image_jpg+image_data_offset, image_data_len, 1, f) != 1) { fprintf(stderr, "Error writing to file %s\n", FILE_NAME); goto errout; } printf("Wrote file %s\n", FILE_NAME); rc = 0; errout: if (fclose(f)) { fprintf(stderr, "Error writing to file %s\n", FILE_NAME); rc = 1; } /* The allocator we're using for ExifData is the standard one, so use * it directly to free this pointer. */ free(exif_data); exif_data_unref(exif); return rc; }