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faq.rst.txt
FAQ === This is the list of Frequently Asked Questions for restic. Will restic resume an interrupted backup? ----------------------------------------- Yes, restic will resume interrupted backups when they are re-run. When backing up, restic periodically writes index files to keep a record of the uploaded data. Even if there's no snapshot created in the end (due to the backup being interrupted), these indexes are stored in the repository for the data that has been uploaded so far. Next time restic runs, it is then able to find the uploaded data through these indexes, and thereby reference it again without having to upload it a second time. This effectively makes it continue from where it saved the last index, which should be up to a few minutes ago. It does not matter if the backup was interrupted by the user or if it was due to unforeseen circumstances such as connectivity issues, power loss, etc. Simply re-run the backup again and restic should only upload what it needs to in order to complete the interrupted backup and create a snapshot. Note however that during the initial backup run and any re-tries, until there has been a first snapshot created for the backup set (list of files and directories to be backed up), restic will need to re-scan the files on disk as there is no parent snapshot to compare the filesystem with to determine which files have changed. This process should however be far quicker than the uploading, and it's normal to see restic scan the files again when re-running the backup. ``restic check`` reports packs that aren't referenced in any index, is my repository broken? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- When ``restic check`` reports that there are pack files in the repository that are not referenced in any index, that's (in contrast to what restic reports at the moment) not a source for concern. The output looks like this: :: $ restic check Create exclusive lock for repository Load indexes Check all packs pack 819a9a52e4f51230afa89aefbf90df37fb70996337ae57e6f7a822959206a85e: not referenced in any index pack de299e69fb075354a3775b6b045d152387201f1cdc229c31d1caa34c3b340141: not referenced in any index Check snapshots, trees and blobs Fatal: repository contains errors The message means that there is more data stored in the repo than strictly necessary. With high probability this is duplicate data. In order to clean it up, the command ``restic prune`` can be used. The cause of this bug is not yet known. I ran a ``restic`` command but it is not working as intended, what do I do now? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If you are running a restic command and it is not working as you hoped it would, there is an easy way of checking how your shell interpreted the command you are trying to run. Here is an example of a mistake in a backup command that results in the command not working as expected. A user wants to run the following ``restic backup`` command :: $ restic backup --exclude "~/documents" ~ .. important:: This command contains an intentional user error described in this paragraph. This command will result in a complete backup of the current logged in user's home directory and it won't exclude the folder ``~/documents/`` - which is not what the user wanted to achieve. The problem is how the path to ``~/documents`` is passed to restic. In order to spot an issue like this, you can make use of the following ruby command preceding your restic command. :: $ ruby -e 'puts ARGV.inspect' restic backup --exclude "~/documents" ~ ["restic", "backup", "--exclude", "~/documents", "/home/john"] As you can see, the command outputs every argument you have passed to the shell. This is what restic sees when you run your command. The error here is that the tilde ``~`` in ``"~/documents"`` didn't get expanded as it is quoted. :: $ echo ~/documents /home/john/documents $ echo "~/documents" ~/document $ echo "$HOME/documents" /home/john/documents Restic handles globbing and expansion in the following ways: - Globbing is only expanded for lines read via ``--files-from`` - Environment variables are not expanded in the file read via ``--files-from`` - ``*`` is expanded for paths read via ``--files-from`` - e.g. For backup targets given to restic as arguments on the shell, neither glob expansion nor shell variable replacement is done. If restic is called as ``restic backup '*' '$HOME'``, it will try to backup the literal file(s)/dir(s) ``*`` and ``$HOME`` - Double-asterisk ``**`` only works in exclude patterns as this is a custom extension built into restic; the shell must not expand it How can I specify encryption passwords automatically? ----------------------------------------------------- When you run ``restic backup``, you need to enter the passphrase on the console. This is not very convenient for automated backups, so you can also provide the password through the ``--password-file`` option, or one of the environment variables ``RESTIC_PASSWORD`` or ``RESTIC_PASSWORD_FILE``. A discussion is in progress over implementing unattended backups happens in :issue:`533`. .. important:: Be careful how you set the environment; using the env command, a `system()` call or using inline shell scripts (e.g. `RESTIC_PASSWORD=password restic ...`) might expose the credentials in the process list directly and they will be readable to all users on a system. Using export in a shell script file should be safe, however, as the environment of a process is `accessible only to that user`_. Please make sure that the permissions on the files where the password is eventually stored are safe (e.g. `0600` and owned by root). .. _accessible only to that user: https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/14000/environment-variable-accessibility-in-linux/14009#14009 How to prioritize restic's IO and CPU time ------------------------------------------ If you'd like to change the **IO priority** of restic, run it in the following way :: $ ionice -c2 -n0 ./restic -r /media/your/backup/ backup /home This runs ``restic`` in the so-called best *effort class* (``-c2``), with the highest possible priority (``-n0``). Take a look at the `ionice manpage`_ to learn about the other classes. .. _ionice manpage: https://linux.die.net/man/1/ionice To change the **CPU scheduling priority** to a higher-than-standard value, use would run: :: $ nice --10 ./restic -r /media/your/backup/ backup /home Again, the `nice manpage`_ has more information. .. _nice manpage: https://linux.die.net/man/1/nice You can also **combine IO and CPU scheduling priority**: :: $ ionice -c2 nice -n19 ./restic -r /media/gour/backup/ backup /home This example puts restic in the IO class 2 (best effort) and tells the CPU scheduling algorithm to give it the least favorable niceness (19). The above example makes sure that the system the backup runs on is not slowed down, which is particularly useful for servers. Creating new repo on a Synology NAS via sftp fails -------------------------------------------------- For using restic with a Synology NAS via sftp, please make sure that the specified path is absolute, it must start with a slash (``/``). Sometimes creating a new restic repository on a Synology NAS via sftp fails with an error similar to the following: :: $ restic init -r sftp:user@nas:/volume1/restic-repo init create backend at sftp:user@nas:/volume1/restic-repo/ failed: mkdirAll(/volume1/restic-repo/index): unable to create directories: [...] Although you can log into the NAS via SSH and see that the directory structure is there. The reason for this behavior is that apparently Synology NAS expose a different directory structure via sftp, so the path that needs to be specified is different than the directory structure on the device and maybe even as exposed via other protocols. Try removing the ``/volume1`` prefix in your paths. If this does not work, use sftp and ls to explore the SFTP file system hierarchy on your NAS. The following may work: :: $ restic init -r sftp:user@nas:/restic-repo init Why does restic perform so poorly on Windows? --------------------------------------------- In some cases the real-time protection of antivirus software can interfere with restic's operations. If you are experiencing bad performance you can try to temporarily disable your antivirus software to find out if it is the cause for your performance problems. If you are certain that the antivirus software is the cause for this and you want to gain maximum performance, you have to add the restic binary to an exclusions list within the antivirus software.